This study assesses three renewable energy business models that are selected as potential enablers for off-grid commercial development: the micro independent power producer (micro-IPP) model, the joint operation cooperation contract (KSO) model, and the local government-owned-private enterprise partnership (BUMD-partnership) model. We assess the three models from different perspectives: legal, regulatory and institutional gaps, economic and other perspectives. The study recommends strategies to mitigate issues in implementing the models and identify any policy gaps.